Abstract
This chapter explores what values play a role in engineering and technology. It briefly argues against the thesis that technology is value-neutral. It then makes a distinction between different kinds of values: between instrumental and final values, and between internal and external values. Internal values are internal to engineering practice and are adhered to, or strived for by engineers more or less independently from the exact product they design. Internal values include technological enthusiasm, effectiveness and efficiency, reliability, robustness, maintainability, and rationality. External values are related to the effects of technologies in the external world; examples of external values are health and safety, human well-being, sustainability and justice. It is argued that while internal values are often conceived as final by engineers, in a moral sense they are usually instrumental values. Conversely, external values are often, but not always, final values that give purpose and justification to the internal values of engineering. However, to become effective in engineering, external values first need to be internalized in engineering practice.